7^th World Congress on
Womens Health and Midwifery

During the menopausal transition, your body may go through various subtle and not-so-subtle changes. Periods that are irregular could occur. The interval between periods may be greater or shorter, your flow may be mild to strong, and you may skip some cycles as ovulation becomes more unpredictable.

The WHNP's responsibility is to evaluate, identify, and address the health care needs of women at all stages of life. A lot of WHNPs work in private practise settings, where they offer preventative care like well-woman checks, breast cancer screenings, Papanicolaou (Pap) testing, or assistance with contraception.

For women with the worst health outcomes, women's health nurses work to provide basic healthcare that is economical, egalitarian, and accessible. There are many different nursing positions available in the field of women's health, including those in management, policy, teaching, research, and clinical settings for both for-profit and non-profit organisations.

Gynaecology: Gynaecology is the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of illnesses affecting women, particularly those affecting the reproductive organs. It frequently collaborates with obstetrics to form the united field of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB-GYN). 

Obstetrics: An obstetrician is a physician with advanced training in childbirth and the provision of prenatal and postpartum care to expectant mothers (postnatal care). Obstetricians are capable of performing interventions and caesareans as well as managing complicated or high-risk pregnancies and newborns.

Midwifery: The full spectrum of care for women, including infant care, breastfeeding, family planning, and HIV, TB, and malaria screenings, are all included in midwifery care.

Women are more likely than men to develop osteoporosis for a variety of causes, including: Compared to men, women typically have thinner, smaller bones. When a woman reaches menopause, her levels of oestrogen, a hormone that protects bones, drop dramatically, which can result in bone loss. Untreated osteoporosis increases the risk of serious bone breaks (fractures), particularly in the hip and spine. In her lifetime, one in three women is likely to experience an osteoporotic fracture. Hip fractures may necessitate surgery and result in severe pain and disability.

Vaginal, anal, or oral sexual contact is how sexually transmitted infections and illnesses (STIs and STDs) are spread. Those with a vagina may have the following STD symptoms: irritation, rashes, and pain in the vaginal area.

Approximately 376 million new cases of syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomoniasis are transmitted each year on a global scale.

Up to age 45, a vaccine is available to help prevent some HPV types. dependable source Read about the advantages and disadvantages of the HPV vaccine to learn more.

Perinatologists are specialists in maternal-fetal medicine. Along with working in private practice, they may also work in clinics or hospitals. If you are pregnant at high risk, your obstetrician will probably recommend that you see a perinatologist. A branch of obstetrics that focuses on managing high-risk, difficult pregnancies and the care of the fetus. Maternal-fetal medicine is another name for perinatal medicine.

Miscarriage, premature labour, birth abnormalities, stillbirth, withdrawal symptoms in the newborn, an increased chance of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), a slow pace of foetal growth, and cognitive and behavioural issues are all risks associated with illicit drug use during pregnancy.

Over 50% of pregnancies involve the use of drugs, and this incidence is rising. Antiemetics, antacids, antihistamines, analgesics, antimicrobials, diuretics, hypnotics, tranquillizers, and social and illegal drugs are among the most frequently used medications.

All maternal organ systems undergo physiologic changes during pregnancy; the majority of these changes go away after delivery. In comparison to single pregnancies, the alterations are generally more drastic in multifetal pregnancies.

Missing a period is the first indication of pregnancy and the main cause for most expectant people to visit a doctor. A menstruation that is more than a week late in sexually active, fertile-age women who also have regular periods is presumed to be a sign of pregnancy.

A specialisation of urology and gynaecology, urogynecology is also known as female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. Urogynecology is the field that specialises in treating female patients with pelvic floor issues. After completing their residency, urogynecologists undergo rigorous additional training to become experts in the diagnosis and treatment of female pelvic problems. Prolapse, incontinence, overactive bladder, fibroid, and endometriosis are the top 5 pelvic illnesses.

Endometriosis develops when tissue that normally lines the interior of the uterus grows outside the uterus, typically on the surfaces of organs in the pelvic and abdominal regions.

An interdisciplinary area called Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (PAG) combines parts of gynaecology with paediatrics, endocrinology, genetics, radiography, psychology, and urology. Particularly, a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecologist treats young girls, boys, and youngsters who have gynecologic issues. These gynecologic issues could be anything from ovarian cysts in newborns to issues with puberty or menstruation troubles.

A state of total physical, mental, and social well-being in all aspects pertaining to the reproductive system is considered good sexual and reproductive health. It implies that humans have the capacity to reproduce and the choice to choose if, when, and how frequently to do so, as well as the ability to have a pleasant and safe sexual life. People require access to correct information and their preferred safe, effective, economical, and acceptable method of contraception in order to preserve their sexual and reproductive health. They must be informed and given the tools they need to safeguard against STIs. Women also need access to qualified healthcare professionals and resources when they decide to start a family so they can have a healthy pregnancy, safe delivery, and healthy child.

More than you might think, pregnancy alters your body. And once the baby is born, it continues. Here are some physical and psychological side effects of a vaginal delivery. If you had a vaginal tear during delivery or your doctor made an incision, the wound might hurt for a few weeks. Extensive tears might take longer to heal. The superficial mucous membrane that lined your uterus throughout pregnancy will start to shed after delivery. This membrane and blood will be present in your vaginal discharge for weeks. For the first few days, the discharge will be crimson and substantial. It will then diminish, get more waterier, and turn from pinkish brown to yellowish white.

Women's ovaries, the reproductive organs that produce progesterone and oestrogen hormones that help in regulating the menstrual cycle as well as minor amounts of the hormone’s inhibin, relaxin, and male hormones known as androgens, are affected by PCOD or PCOS.

Nearly ten percent of women worldwide are affected by PCOD. Those with PCOS create more male hormones than usual compared to women with PCOD. They skip their menstrual cycles as a result of this hormonal imbalance, which also makes it more difficult for women to conceive.

Supplementing refers to giving your infant formula in addition to breastfeeding. It is entirely acceptable and secure to carry out. Many families opt for this type of combined feeding strategy, whether out of need (such as a poor supply of breast milk), practicality, or purely out of personal preference. Regular mixed feeding can interfere with maintaining a sufficient supply of breastmilk, which can make breastfeeding more challenging. Therefore, it's crucial to first discuss the idea with your midwife, child and family health nurse, lactation consultant, or GP if you're considering supplementing with formula.

Treatment for cancer patients by a medical oncologist may involve chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. A medical oncologist will collaborate with other physicians to develop the best treatment strategy for you. The total treatment plan for a patient with cancer is developed in collaboration with radiologists and pathologists by specialists with specialties in various aspects of cancer treatment, such as surgery, radiation oncology, and medical oncology.

Infertility is a condition where you are unable to conceive after a year of trying. Endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and thyroid problems are just a few examples of female infertility causes. Low testosterone or low sperm counts may be seen in men who are having fertility issues. The likelihood of infertility rises with age.

Obstetric emergencies are medical conditions that put the lives of pregnant women and their unborn children in danger. During pregnancy, labor, and delivery, an obstetric emergency could occur at any time. All obstetric emergencies require medical care since the woman may require specialized treatment and a lengthy hospital stay.

The most frequent crises were antepartum haemorrhage, postpartum haemorrhage, foetal distress, severe pregnancy-induced hypertension, and prolonged or obstructed labour. 70.6 percent of maternal deaths and 86% of neonatal deaths throughout the time period were caused by obstetric crises.

A caesarean section, often known as a c-section, is a surgical surgery carried out when a vaginal delivery is unsafe or impractical or when the mother's or the baby's health is in danger. Through surgical incisions created in the abdomen and uterus during this surgery, the baby is born. A procedure called a caesarean section, or C-section, involves making a cut in your abdomen and womb to deliver your baby. Usually, the cut is performed across your stomach, right below the bikini line.

Covalent changes to DNA and core histones that control gene activity without changing DNA sequence are referred to as epigenetics. Cytosine residue methylation inside CpG dinucleotides is now the most well-studied DNA modification linked to the control of gene activity.

Epigenetics is the study of how environmental factors and behaviour can alter how your genes function. While epigenetic alterations are reversible and do not alter your DNA sequence like genetic changes do, they can alter how your body interprets a DNA sequence.

When the body's natural defence system can't distinguish between your cells and alien cells, it develops an autoimmune illness and unintentionally attacks healthy cells. Autoimmune illnesses come in more than 80 different varieties and affect many different body parts.

A baby that is born prematurely or with a health condition will get neonatal care in a neonatal unit. Hospitals have units that care for infants that are delivered early (before to 37 weeks gestation), with a condition that requires medical attention, or with a low birthweight.

Their bodies are preparing to exist independently in the outer world as their organs develop during this period. The bodies of prematurely born infants might not be prepared. Their skin, stomach, lungs, and heart may require assistance and support to survive.

Compared to full-term infants, premature babies are more likely to suffer chronic health conditions, some of which may require hospital treatment. It is more probable that infections, asthma, and eating issues will manifest or worsen. Additionally, premature babies are more likely to experience sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Babies that are born prematurely, especially those who are very early, frequently have complex medical issues. Prematurity-related problems often differ. However, the danger of difficulties increases with the time of birth for your baby.

Even though most pregnancies go smoothly, issues can still arise. These are just a few of the most typical pregnancy problems. Most pregnancies are straightforward affairs. However, some pregnant women will have problems that may affect their health, the health of their unborn child, or both. Pregnancy difficulties can occasionally be brought on by illnesses or conditions the mother had before to getting pregnant. Several issues can arise during delivery.

Healthcare has been altered by diagnostic health imaging technology, which now enables earlier diagnosis of medical disorders, lessens the need for pointless invasive exploratory procedures, and improves patient outcomes. Comprehensive diagnostic imaging services are provided by Health Images. Diagnostic imaging refers to numerous methods of looking into the body to ascertain a diagnosis and determine the origins of a sickness or injury. Additionally, physicians utilise it to assess how well a patient's body responds to fracture or sickness therapy.